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News & Research
News & Research
  • News & Research
  • Data, research, and toolsExpand sub-navigation
    • US fire problemExpand sub-navigation
      • Fire death rates by state
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      • Catastrophic multiple-death firesExpand sub-navigation
        • Homes fires with ten or more fatalities table
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      • Large-loss fires in the United StatesExpand sub-navigation
        • Largest fire losses in the United States table
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      • Fire experience by region
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    • Building and life safetyExpand sub-navigation
      • Digitized Fuel Load Survey Methodology Using Machine Vision
      • High Rise Buildings with Combustible Exterior Wall Assemblies: Fire Risk Assessment Tool
      • Modern Vehicle Hazards in Parking Garages & Vehicle Carriers
      • Railing Height, Design and Criteria Review
      • Service or Gas Station Fires
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      • Home Structure FiresExpand sub-navigation
        • Home fires
        • One- and two-family homes
      • Fires in Structures Under Construction, Undergoing Major Renovation, or Being Demolished
      • Structure Fires in Eating and Drinking Establishments
      • Structure Fires in SchoolsExpand sub-navigation
        • US school fires, grades K-12, with 10 or more deaths
      • Fires in health care facilities
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      • Vacant building fires
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      • U.S. Structure Fires in Office Properties
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      • Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood BuildingsExpand sub-navigation
        • Phase 2: Task 1 - Literature Review
        • Phase 2: Tasks 2 & 3 – Development and Implementation of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Compartment Fire Tests
        • Phase 2: Task 4 – Engineering Analysis and Computer Simulations
        • Phase 2: Task 5 – Experimental Study of Delamination of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) in Fire
      • Chimney Top Devices in International Codes
      • Impact of Chimney-top Appurtenances on Flue Gas Flow
      • Mass Evacuation and Sheltering
      • Egress Modelling in health Care Occupancies
      • Total Evac Systems for Tall Buildings Literature Review
      • Total evacuation systems for tall buildings
      • Home fire victims by age and gender
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      • Pilot Evaluation of the Remembering When™ Program in Five Communities in Iowa
      • Aircraft Loading Walkways Literature and Information Review
      • Evaluating Occupant Load Factors for Ambulatory Health Care Facilities
      • Determining Self-Preservation Capability in Pre-School Children
      • Disaster Resiliency and NFPA Codes and Standards
      • Validation of the Fire Safety Evaluation System in the 2013 Edition of NFPA 101A
      • Non-Fire Hazard Provisions in NFPA Codes and Standards: A Literature Review
      • Fire Safety Challenges of Green Buildings
      • Archived reports - Building and life safety
    • Detection and signalingExpand sub-navigation
      • Audible Alarm Signal Waking Effectiveness: Literature Review
      • Combustible Gas Dispersion in Residential Occupancies and Detector Location Analysis
      • Door Messaging Strategies: Implications for Detection and Notification
      • Evaluation of the Responsiveness of Occupants to Fire Alarms in Buildings: Phase 1
      • Smoke Detector Spacing for High Ceiling Spaces
      • Smoke Alarms in U.S. Home Fires
      • Smoke Alarm Nuisance Source Characterization: Experimental Results
      • Smoke Alarm Nuisance Source Characterization Phase 1
      • Fire Alarms and At Risk Populations
      • Fire Alarms and People with ASD: A Literature Summary
      • Guidance Document: Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings
      • Parameters for Indirect Viewing of Visual Signals USed in Emergency Notification
      • Carbon Monoxide Diffusion through Porous Walls: A Critical Review of Literature and Incidents
      • Carbon Monoxide Toxicology: Overview of Altitude Effects on the Uptake and Dissociation of COHb and Oxygen in Human Blood
      • Archived reports - Detection and signaling
    • ElectricalExpand sub-navigation
      • Home Electrical Fires
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      • Development of Fire Mitigations Solutions for PV Systems Installed on Building Roofs - Phase 1
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      • Analytical Modeling of Pan and Oil Heating On an Electric Coil Cooktop
      • Development of Standardized Cooking Fires for Evaluation of Prevention Technologies
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      • Residential Electrical Fire Problem: The Data Landscape
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    • Emergency respondersExpand sub-navigation
      • Literature Review on Spaceport Fire Safety
      • Development of real-time particulate and toxic gas sensors for firefighter health and safety
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      • Firefighter fatalitiesExpand sub-navigation
        • Firefighter deaths by cause and nature of injury table
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      • Flammable refrigerants firefighter training: Hazard assessment and demonstrative testing
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        • Firefighter injuries by type of duty table
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        • Needs Assessment Tool
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      • Evaluation of the Performance of Station Wear Worn under a NFPA 1971 Structural Fire Fighter Protective Ensemble
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      • Developing a Research Roadmap for the Smart Fire Fighter of the FutureExpand sub-navigation
        • Smart Fire Fighting Workshop report
      • Evaluation and Enhancement of Fire Fighter PASS EffectivenessSection Page
      • Development of Permeation Test Method for Zippers and Other Closures
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      • Analysis of Recruit Initial Fire Fighter Training Curricula
      • Using Crowdsourcing to Address Electric Vehicle Fires
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      • Development of an Environmental and Economic Assessment Tool (Enveco Tool) for Fire Events
      • Fire Based Mobile Integrated Healthcare and Community Paramedicine (MIH & CP) – Data and Resources
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    • Hazardous materialsExpand sub-navigation
      • Combustible Dust Flame Propagation and Quenching in Pipes and Ducts
      • Evaluation of fire and explosion hazard of nanoparticles
      • Fire Hazard Assessment of Lead-Acid Batteries
      • Influence of particle size and moisture content of wood particulates on deflagration hazard
      • Vapor mitigation testing using fixed water spray system
      • Variables Associated with the Classification of Ammonium Nitrate | NFPA
      • Separation Distances in NFPA Codes and Standards
      • Assessing the List of Typical Oxidizers
      • Evaluation of the Fire Hazard of ASHRAE Class A3 Refrigerants in Commercial Refrigeration Applications
      • Evaluation of LPG Pool Fire Heat Flux
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      • Quantifying Heavy Snowfall in NFPA 58
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      • LNG model evaluation protocol and validation database update
      • Hydrogen refueling code gap assessment
      • Hazard Assessment of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
      • Lithium ion batteries hazard and use assessment
      • Reduce the risk of IBCs
      • Contain IBC Fire RiskExpand sub-navigation
        • About NFPA 30
        • Information for the media about IBCs
      • Archived reports - Hazardous materials
    • SuppressionExpand sub-navigation
      • Evaluation of the fire protection effectiveness of fluorine free firefighting foams
      • Impact of Elevated Walkways in Storage on Sprinkler Protection - Phase 1
      • Impact of Home Fire Sprinkler System Requirements in California
      • Impact of Obstructions on Spray Sprinklers – Phase I
      • Obstructions and Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinklers
      • Review of Oxygen Reduction Systems for Warehouse Storage Applications
      • Sprinkler Protection Guidance for Lithium-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems
      • U.S. Experience with Sprinklers
      • Stakeholder Perceptions of Home Fire Sprinklers
      • Home Fire Sprinkler Cost Assessment
      • Applying Reliability Based Decision Making to ITM Frequency
      • Storage Protection in the Presence of Horizontal Barriers or Solid Shelving – Literature Review
      • Protection of Storage Under Sloped Ceilings
      • Fire Department Connection Inlet Flow Assessment
      • Use of Gaseous Suppression Systems in High Air Flow Environments - Phase 1
      • Quantification of Water Flow Data Adjustments for Sprinkler System Design
      • Water-Based Fire Protection System Tagging Review
      • Sprinkler Protection for Cloud Ceilings
      • Addressing the Performance of Sprinkler Systems: NFPA 25 and Other Strategies
      • Foam Application for High Hazard Flammable Train (HHFT) Fires
      • Impact of Fire Extinguisher Agents on Cultural Resource Materials
      • Protection of Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics
      • Literature Review on Hybrid Fire Suppression Systems
      • Evaluation of Water Additives for Fire Control
      • Archived reports - Suppression
    • Wildland urban interfaceExpand sub-navigation
      • Brush, grass and forest fires
      • Fire ember production from wildland and structural fuels
      • WUI-NITY: a platform for the simulation of wildland-urban interface fire evacuation
      • Wildland/Urban InterfaceExpand sub-navigation
        • Largest loss wildland fires
      • e-Sanctuary: Open Multi-Physics Framework for Modelling Wildfire Urban Evacuation
      • Pathways for Building Fire Spread at the Wildland Urban Interface
      • A Collection of Geospatial Technological Approaches for Wildland and Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Events
    • ProceedingsExpand sub-navigation
      • Flammable refrigerants: Fire Fighter Training Material Development Workshop
      • NFPA Building Safety and Security WorkshopExpand sub-navigation
        • Workshop on School Safety, Codes and Security - December 2014
      • SUPDET 2019
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      • Technology Needs for Fire Prevention
      • Workshop for Survey on Usage and Functionality of Smoke Alarms and CO Alarms in Households
      • Big Data and Fire Protection Systems Workshop
      • Power Over the Ethernet (PoE) Summit: Next Steps
      • Workshop: Power Over the Ethernet
      • Workshop on Energy Storage Systems and the Built Environment
      • Marina Shock Hazard Research Planning Workshop
      • Property Insurance Research Group Forum on PV Panel Fire Risk
      • Fire Protection for a Changing World
      • Smart Home Summit
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      • The Next Five Years in Fire and Electrical Safety
      • Resiliency and Emergency Preparedness Workshop
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      • Alternative Fuel Vehicle Safety Summit
      • Fire Hose Workshop in Support of the Technical Committee
      • Competencies for Responders to Incidents of Flammable Liquids in Transport – Developing a Codes and Standards Roadmap
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      • Workshop on International Wildfire Risk Reduction
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      • Economic Impact of Codes and Standards: A Workshop on Needs and Resources
    • NFPA Data Lab
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        • Campaign for Fire Service Contamination Control
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        • WUINITY a platform for the simulation of wildlandurban interface fire evacuation
        • Protection of Storage Under Sloped Ceilings Phase 3
        • Safe Quantity of Open Medical Gas Storage in a Smoke Compartment
        • PPE and Fire Service Gear Cleaning Validation
        • Stranded Energy within Lithium-Ion Batteries
        • Fire Fighter Safety in Battery Energy Storage System Fires
        • Fire Fighter Flammable Refrigerant Training
        • Influence of wood particulate size and moisture content on deflagration hazard
        • Enhancing Incident Commander Competencies for Management of Incidents Involving Pipeline and Rail Car Spills of Flammable Liquids
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    • NFPA Journal® Latinoamericano
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      • 2020Expand sub-navigation
        • July August 2020Expand sub-navigation
          • ColumnsExpand sub-navigation
            • Responder: Fighting for EMS
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            • A COVID Opening
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              • Too Close for Comfort
            • Report: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2019Expand sub-navigation
              • Selected 2019 US Firefighter Fatality Incidents
            • Remote Video Inspection RevolutionExpand sub-navigation
              • Too Close for Comfort
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            • Dispatches: Two Steps Back?Expand sub-navigation
              • Briefs: Viral Distortion
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              • Wide Shot: Burning Anger
            • Firewatch: July/August 2020
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        • May June 2020
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            • Responder: The Volunteer Crisis
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            • Stranded EnergyExpand sub-navigation
              • Beyond EVs
              • Addressing Stranded Energy Starts with Learning More About It
            • The International Hospital Fire ProblemExpand sub-navigation
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              • Lessons Learned From MIH Experts
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            • Loudspeaker Circuit Survivability
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            • Dispatches: Lights OutExpand sub-navigation
              • The Augusta Project
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              • Casey Grant retires
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      • 2019Expand sub-navigation
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            • You Don't Know NFPA
            • Small Steps Matter
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            • The Worcester Cold Storage FireExpand sub-navigation
              • Game Changers
            • 2018 Large-Loss Fires and Explosions in the United States ReportExpand sub-navigation
              • Large Loss incidents
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            • 2018 U.S. Firefighter Injuries ReportExpand sub-navigation
              • Selected 2018 US Firefighter Injury Incidents
          • In ComplianceExpand sub-navigation
            • Risk Analysis Value
            • NEC additions on reconditioned equipment
            • Nonmetallic tubes: No longer a pipe dream
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            • Dispatches: Brazil BurningExpand sub-navigation
              • Casey Grant retires
              • Cocoanut Grove film
              • International: Again, Russian mall fires spark outcry, suspicion
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              • Urban Fire Forum recap
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        • September October 2019Expand sub-navigation
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            • Research: From Paupers to Kings
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            • Marine Vessel Fires
            • 2018 Fire Loss in the United States report
            • Old Book, New MuseumExpand sub-navigation
              • Code Factor
            • 2018 Catastrophic Multiple-Death Fires ReportExpand sub-navigation
              • Origin Story
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            • Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2018Expand sub-navigation
              • Selected 2018 US Firefighter Fatality Incidents
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              • Code Factor
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